What? Why can't you debug javascript...
Here are my other thoughts.
$(document).on('pageinit', '#pageid', function() {
$("#submitCliente").on("click", function(e){
var formData = $("form#updateClienteForm").serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "update_cliente.php",
cache: false,
data: formData,
success: onSuccess
});
e.preventDefault(); <----- Remove this? Not sure why you have it, maybe there is a reason
});
});
Along with this maybe add an alter before the ajax, and after to make sure it even posted.
EDIT: Add page identifier or the pageinit will get called on EVERY page init. The JQM Documentation really should be updated.