I was just introduced to listnav:
http://www.ihwy.com/labs/jquery-listnav-plugin/
It does not say that it supports mobile devices/browsers, but it seems to work pretty well.
The major issue with mobile support is smartphones being narrow. Showing 26 letters worth of tabs is too wide for a smartphone.
Is there anyway to have the tabs "wrap" around, so instead of the following all on one line:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O ...
it could look like this:
A B C D E F G
H I J K L M N
O P Q R
S T U
V W X
Y Z ...
(I guess you could break your list into 5 separate lists and stack them, but that defeats the purpose of taking an existing list.)