function(){} breaks my code entirely when using $.Deferred()

function(){} breaks my code entirely when using $.Deferred()

I've spent a day on this problem, and I've generated a totally custom JSFiddle so you can regenerate the bug yourself.
I really think this is a bug, otherwise, please let me know what I'm doing wrong.

Here is the JSFiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/qwb0de9v/

I've also included instructions:
Please uncomment rule number 14 and number 16, and see the result change entirely.

This is one of the strangest bugs I've ever encountered.